Farming and other water-based industries thrive in Pasuruan, a fertile rice-growing district in Indonesia’s East Java province that’s home to active volcanoes and rich aquifers. Thanks to a proliferation of unregulated artesian wells, however, Pasuruan risks losing that bounty. Hundreds of artesian wells, often reaching dozens of metres below the surface, aren’t equipped with valves for controlling the discharge, leading to millions of litres of water being wasted.
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https://news.mongabay.com/2022/04/better-deep-bore-wells-aim-to-stop-indonesias-groundwater-waste/