Groundwater — fresh water stored underneath the earth and accessed mostly by wells — has always played a significant role in arid Middle East countries. Because it’s underground, it isn’t as impacted by drought and heat , and it’s the main source of fresh water for at least 10 Arab nations. As climate change impacts what little rainfall these countries get and extremely hot summers dry up more rivers and lakes, groundwater is becoming even more important. But managing groundwater is complex. Nobody even really knows how much there is.
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https://www.dw.com/en/will-the-middle-east-soon-run-out-of-groundwater/a-66534880
